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Foot motion

Movement of the foot.

The triplanar movements of the foot are as follows, transverse plane adduction/abduction, frontal plane inversion/eversion, and sagittal plane dorsiflexion/plantarflexion. These movements can further compound into the positions of supination/pronation[1]

Transverse Motion

Transverse motions occur primarily in the subtalar joint and approximately at a 1:1 ratio with frontal plane motion.

Adduction is movement of the forefoot or part of the foot medially. ROM, up to 6 degrees. [2]

Abduction is movement of the forefoot or part of the foot laterally. ROM, up to 5 degrees. [3]

Frontal Motion

Frontal motions occur primarily in the subtalar joint and approximately at a 1:1 ratio with transverse plane motion.

Inversion is movement of the plantar surface medially. ROM, up to 35 degrees. [4]

Eversion is movement of the plantar surface laterally. ROM, up to 25 degrees. [5]

Sagittal Motion

Sagittal motions occur primarily in the talocrural joint. 

Dorsiflexion (extension) is movement of the foot upwards, towards the tibia. ROM, up to 18 degrees. [6]

Plantarflexion (true flexion) is movement of the foot downwards, away from the tibia. ROM, up to 40 degrees. [7]

References

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